【摘要】 目的 观察采用SRS型椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统一次手术完成减压复位及椎间植骨融合内固定治疗重度腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法 对13例患者全部采用后路双侧小关节及椎板切除彻底减压,SRS型椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定, 一次手术完成减压复位及椎间植骨融合内固定,其中10例采用椎间植骨融合器,3例采用整块髂骨植骨。结果 术后13例全部达到解剖复位,无感染。除1例术后出现暂时性L5及S1神经根牵拉症状外,余无神经系统功能恶化表现。所有病人原有症状均获得不同程度改善,其中优9例,良3例,可1例。本组随访时间为3月~42月,平均13个月。随访中患者情况稳定,症状体征改善明显。X线片显示椎间植骨融合良好,螺钉无折断,无其它远期并发症。结论 在重度滑脱的治疗中,应走出传统减压复位的误区,一次进行以小关节为中心的彻底减压及完全复位,免除患者二次手术的痛苦,也为解决临床治疗中的难点提供了一种新的治疗方法。
【关键词】 脊椎滑脱 减压 脊柱融合术
Curative Effect Observation of the Posterior Operation in Treating Severe Lumbar Spondylolishesis
Xu Yangbo, Yang Yunkang, Yin Yiran, Ye Lizi, Lu Xiaobo, Tang Lian, the Affliated Hospital to Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000
Abstract Objective To observe the curative effect of the posterior operation with SRS pedicle screw for reduction internal fixation and bone grafting fusion in patients with severe lumbar spondylolishesis.Methods 13 patients were fully decompressed by resecting the posterior bilaterial facet joints and the vertebral lamina, the reduction and fixation were made with SRS pedicle screws, thus decompression, reduction internal fixation and bone grafting fusion were finished within one operation; cages were applied to 10 patients and the other 3 patients received whole ilium grafting.Results After operation, all the 13 patients gained reduction and fusion without infection; except one case with temporarily stretching of the nerve roots, the others had no neurological deterioration; the symptoms were improved of certain degree: excellent in 9 patients, good in 3 patients and general in 1 patient; the follow-up lasting from 3 months to 42 months with the average of 13 months revealed stable condition and clear symptom improvement of the patients; the X-ray images showed good fusion of the grafting bones and no break-up of the screws; no other long-term complications were found.Conclusions Posterior operation of full decompression and complet reduction can save the patients with severe lumbar spondylishesis from the sufferings of the second operation and it is a new method in clinic.
Keywords lumbar spondylolishesis decompression spinal fusion
重度腰椎滑脱是指滑脱移位大于50%,按Meyerding分度在Ⅲ度以上(滑脱50%~74%),包括Ⅳ度(滑脱75%~100%)及Ⅴ度(腰椎脱垂)的滑脱。常伴有脊柱、骨盆力线改变与小关节结构改变,部分还有椎体变形。临床上常有下腰痛及下肢麻木、间隙性跛行、足背伸肌力减弱、踝反射减弱、会阴部麻木等神经损伤表现。目前多采用手术治疗,但存在手术创伤大,减压不易彻底,复位不良,常需两次手术等问题。我们采取一期后路手术治疗重度腰椎滑脱,获得满意疗效报告如下。
1 临床资料
本组13例,男性8例,女性5例,年龄32~62岁,平均40.6岁。术前13例均有下腰痛、下肢麻木疼痛及间隙性跛行,足趾背伸力减弱10例,踝反射减弱8例,会阴部麻木5例。病程最长22年,最短2年,平均5.9年。
1.1 分类 (1)按滑脱部位分 L4滑脱6例,L5滑脱7例。(2)按滑脱程度分 Ⅲ度滑脱7例,Ⅳ度滑脱3例,Ⅴ度滑脱3例。(3)按滑脱性质分 腰椎峡部崩裂性滑脱6例,退变性滑脱5例,创伤性滑脱2例。
1.2 手术指征 (1)持续并加重的腰腿痛,保守治疗无效,不能正常工作和生活。(2) L4~5及L5~S1神经根激惹、受压体征;马尾受压症状,如会阴部麻木等。(3)与临床症状及体征相一致的影像学检查结果,包括X线片显示滑脱、CT或MRI明确显示L4~5及L5~S1神经根及马尾受压征象。
1.3 按临床疗效评分系统对所有患者行术前术后评分(表1),并分级(优:0~1分、良:2~3分、可:4~5分、差:6~9分)。
表1 临床疗效评分系统(0-9评分