低龄先天性脊柱侧凸的手术时机
专题主持:吕国华教授
医学界将年龄<10岁或处于青春发育前期的脊柱侧凸称为低龄儿童脊柱侧凸。低龄儿童脊柱侧凸的特点是脊柱及胸腔脏器都处于生长发育的高峰期。先天性脊柱侧凸极少有非手术治疗的适应症,无论是支具治疗还是体操按摩,均不能有效减缓或控制原发侧凸的进展。手术治疗主要围绕提高矫形效果,保留脊柱生长,减少手术次数及并发症的发生而开展。目前手术治疗方式分为融合治疗与非融合治疗两大类,但是对于患儿适应症的选择不尽相同。
目前文献报道的行手术治疗患儿最小年纪为一岁,患儿一岁时先行肋骨切除后路融合术,5岁时行前后联合融合术,随访36年,随访结果认为早期融合术有效预防了畸形的进展。[1]。Ruf报道了对于1-6岁患儿行后路椎弓根钉内固定融合治疗效果良好[2]。目前报道最大治疗年龄是9.4岁,给予半椎体切除术治疗进展性的半椎体畸形[3]。非融合手术中的生长棒技术一般治疗时机为<5岁,长节段脊柱畸形患者;而新开展的VEPTR术[4]对于平均年龄4.2岁的伴有胸廓发育不良综合征患儿,手术效果良好。
目前对于手术治疗方案的选择,到底有没有一个大一统的标准或者准则?只能见仁见智,具体问题具体分析吗?
References:
[1]. Winter, R.B. and J.E. Lonstein,Congenital thoracic scoliosis with unilateral unsegmented bar and concave fusedribs: rib osteotomy and posterior fusion at 1 year old, anterior and posteriorfusion at 5 years old with a 36-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007.32(26): p. E841-4.
[2]. Ruf, M. and J. Harms, Posteriorhemivertebra resection with transpedicular instrumentation: early correction inchildren aged 1 to 6 years. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003. 28(18): p. 2132-8.
[3]. Li, X., et al., Hemivertebraresection for the treatment of congenital lumbarspinal scoliosis withlateral-posterior approach. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008. 33(18): p. 2001-6.
[4]. Emans, J.B., et al., Thetreatment of spine and chest wall deformities with fused ribs by expansionthoracostomy and insertion of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib:growth of thoracic spine and improvement of lung volumes. Spine (Phila Pa1976), 2005. 30(17 Suppl): p. S58-68.