赵晓蕾 蔡林 邓洲铭
Primary malignant tumors of bone are extremely rare, accounting for about 0.2% of all cancers. Osteosarcoma is the most common form of primary malignant tumors of bone and accounts for approximately 19% of all malignant tumors of bone. It is the 3rd most common malignant tumor in teenagers, after leukemia and cerebral cancer. Current treatment methods of osteosarcoma mainly include surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The disease-free survival rate has been escalated from <20% prior to the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to around 60%, and the overall survival rate reaches to 60%-70%. However, tumor metastases frequently occur, which will result in poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of osteosarcoma has not been clearly understood until now. It is important to further study the occurrence and metastasis mechanisms of osteosarcoma and continue searching for therapeutic targets for the improvement of treatment effects. During the last decade, there is a major discovery of small ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) in bioscience, including microRNA ( miRNA ). MiRNA is noncoding small RNA of 18-25 nucleotides that represses translation and cleaves messenger RNA ( mRNA ) by base-pairing to the 3’ untranslated region ( UTR ) of the target genes, so as to regulate the growth, development and differentiation of the organism. Accordingly, miRNA influences numerous cancer-relevant processes such as proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, invasion and metabolism. The expressions of most mRNAs may be regulated by miRNAs, and the cancer-related signaling pathways may be profoundly influenced. MiRNAs can function as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In recent years, the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis and development of osteosarcoma has been gradually revealed by the scholars. A novel approach for investigating the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma has been provided, and meanwhile new hope has been brought for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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