With the improvement of industrial and agricultural technology and the advancement of diagnosis and treatment techniques in our country, the percentage of the patients with hand trauma in the patients with hand injuries has reduced to 80%. But so far, the treatment of hand trauma remains the main work for hand surgeons. With the great efforts of our predecessors and colleagues, significant progresses have been made in the reparative skills of the nerve, blood vessel, tendon, bone and soft tissue, and the survival rate of severed finger reunion and free transplantation is very high. However, for hand surgeons it is still an important task to learn basic principles, practice basic skills and pay much attention to rehabilitation, so as to further improve the clinical outcomes. In hand diseases, the arthritis of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint is given more concern, and the diagnosis and treatment are gradually improved in those fields. There are still unsolved issues in the treatment of osteoarthritis in the hands by prosthetic replacement, so the surgeons should be careful in choosing suitable patients. The diagnostic horizon is expanded and the treatment is improved due to the application of hand arthroscopy, which is worth popularizing. The reconstruction of upper extremity injuries remains one of the major issues in hand surgery. With the gradually increased experience and improved operation procedures, a steady enhancement is seen in final functions of the injured limbs. In the past few years, much attention has been given to congenital malformation, and its diagnosis and treatment has become more regularized. But many new malformations are still not known. Therefore, further study and research should be conducted.
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